Flow fluorescence technology is a clinically applied high-throughput luminescent detection technology based on encoded microspheres and flow technology. It is also known as liquid chip, suspension array, and Luminex? xMAP technology, among others. As a new-generation high-throughput molecular diagnostic technology platform following biochip technology and chemiluminescence technology, it has become a major focus in the field of clinical diagnosis and life science research.

The structure of a protein encodes fluorescence. Such fluorescent proteins include green fluorescent protein (GFP), yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), red fluorescent protein (RFP), and various derivatives thereof.

Protein structure encodes fluorescence. These fluorescent proteins include green fluorescent protein (GFP), yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), red fluorescent protein (RFP), and various derivatives.

Phycoerythrin is isolated and purified from red algae. It emits intense fluorescence, exhibits excellent light absorption properties and a high quantum yield, and has a broad excitation and emission range in the visible spectral region.

Allophycocyanin (APC) is a phycobiliprotein isolated from spirulina. Like other phycobiliproteins, allophycocyanin is a fluorescent substance with extremely high absorption and quantum efficiency.

Since naturally extracted allophycocyanin (APC) undergoes hydrolysis in dilute solutions (low concentrations) or when exposed to lyotropic salt environments, APC is usually subjected to cross-linking treatment to maintain its stability in biological reaction systems.

Since the invention of the optical microscope, researchers have been striving to enhance the impact of target signals relative to background noise. Fluorophores have become mainstream signal-generating labels due to their brightness, well-defined excitation and emission profiles, reproducibility, and ease of use in biological systems. However, the use of fluorophores also introduces certain limitations.

In recent years, marine-derived functional foods with anti-tumor effects have attracted increasing attention from researchers. Microalgae, which are rich in proteins, are easy to metabolize and clear in normal cells and have lower toxicity compared with cancer cells; therefore, their anti-cancer effects cannot be ignored. Spirulina platensis is a type of microalgae, and it has a unique green-blue color.

Streptavidin-labeled phycoerythrin (SA-PE) can be used in combination with various affinity-purified secondary antibodies labeled with biotin or chromatography-grade proteins labeled with biotin for a variety of immunoassays. Compared with avidin, streptavidin is more stable, more sensitive, and has lower background, due to its smaller molecular structure and easier penetration into tissues.